Career in Medicine

Medicine is the science and art of healing. Many people are attracted towards this career because of the thrill and glamour attached to this profession. A doctor enjoys a very high position in the society and he helps to alleviate pain and suffering of the people.

Different systems of medicine are practised in India. While modern medicine is practiced by Physicians and surgeons who have completed MBBS and higher education, the Ayurvedic and Unani systems are practiced by persons having done BAMS and BUMS. Other systems being practised in India are Homoeopathy, Siddha and Naturopathy and Biochemic. Each one has its importance and offers career opportunities.

Doctors work to prevent, diagnose and treat diseases, disorders and injuries. While there is the attraction of good earnings, the years of training are long 8-10 years if you are specializing in a particular area. Doctors can go for an MD or an MS after their MBBS degree. Practitioners of medicine have to concentrate for long spells and be extremely patient. They first listen patiently to the patient's problems in his/her own words, examine him/her, study the results of clinical test and then diagnose the illness/ailment/disease before prescribing the course of treatment or medicine.

Doctors usually work in health facilities like hospitals, nursing homes or community health centres. There are many private practitioners as well. Doctors also join the state or central medical services of the government. Most public and private sector organizations prefer to employ medical officers from among MBBS graduates to look after the medical needs of their employees and their families. Government Hospitals and Medical services employ large number of medical professionals. Private sector hospitals, nursing homes and colleges also offer lucrative openings.

Dental Science (BDS)

A dentist in general practice has very good financial prospects and greatest independence.

Admission to the dentistry course (BDS) is through, an entrance test conducted by the respective state Govts. or the institutions, usually along with the medical test. The BDS course is open to students who have completed the +2 or equivalent examination with Physics, Chemistry and Biology as the main subjects.

Bachelor in Dental Science (BDS) is the basic degree for aspiring Dentists. It can be followed by a master's degree in dental science (MDS).

The course duration of BDS is 4-years, after which one has to serve as resident rotary for a year, which is compulsory.

Ayurveda (BAMS)

Ayurveda means science of life. It is one of the traditional systems of medicine practiced in India. The basic graduation degree in Ayurveda is called the Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine and Surgery (BAMS). Every ayurvedic practitioner has to register himself under his respective Ayurvedic and Unani practitioners Board. These are two options under this rule. Those registered under ayurveda are eligible to practice ayurvedic medicines and those registered under an integrated scheme are eligible to practice both ayurveda and modern medicines.

Homoeopathy (BHMS)

The system of medicine that is followed and the procedure of treatment here upon is wholly based on the concept that the treatment is of the whole disease and not of the symptoms. The focus of the medication is the boosting of the body's vital force and the empowerment of the resistance thereof.

Siddha (BSMS)

Siddha system is one of the oldest systems of medicine in India. The term 'siddha' means achievement and the 'siddhas' were saintly figures that achieved results in medicine through the practice of yoga.

Siddha systems literature is in Tamil and is practiced in Tamil speaking parts in India. The siddha system is largely therapeutic in nature.

Study/Training

The following are the programmes at bachelor's level for careers in medicine:

MBBS - Graduate degree in Allopathic Medicine

BHMS - Graduate degree in Homoeopathic Medicine

BAMS - Graduate degree in Ayurvedic Medicine

BUMS - Graduate degree in Unani Medicine

All of these are 5 ½ years course including internship.

BVSc/AH - Graduate Degree in Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry- 5 Years

BDS- Graduate degree in dentistry

B-Pharm- Graduate degree in PharmacyBSc-(Nursing)-Graduate degree in Nursing
The above three are 4-years courses

BPT-Graduate degree in Physiotherapy

BOT-Graduate degree in Occupational Therapy

BMLT-Bachelor of Medical Laboratory Technology

These are approximately 3 or 3 ½ year course plus internship

The major areas of specialisation in Allopathic Medicine are given below:

General Medicine: These practitioners usually perform the role of the family doctors. They diagnose and treat the everyday and sundry ailments. In the event of an intractable sickness, the general practitioner recommends specialist intervention.

Qualification: An MBBS degree with 3 year M.D course in General Medicine or a Postgraduate diploma course in General Medicine.

Anesthesiology: Specialists in Anesthesiology assist in the surgical process to make the surgical procedure as painless as possible.

General Surgery: This is a specialisation where the doctor is trained in surgery for all organs of the body. The surgeon can later opt to specialise in specific areas. Performance of surgery and postoperative care is the forte of the general surgeon.
Qualification: MBBS with a 3 year MS Course.

Pediatrics: This is a specialised area in medicine that focuses on diagnosis and treatments of children's diseases.

Qualification: MBBS with 3 year MD course in Pediatrics.

Cardiology: Studies the diseases related to the heart and the circulatory system.
Qualification: MBBS + 3 year course in cardio-thoracic surgery.

Obstetrics-Gynaecology: Studies the diagnosis and treatment of conditions specific to the female reproductive system.

Qualification: MBBS +MS in Obstetrics & Gynaecology.

Neurology: Treats diseases and disorders related to the brain and the nervous system.
Qualification: MBBS+MS in Neurosurgery.

Dermatology: Focuses on problems related to the skin
Qualification: MBBS+MD in Dermatology

Gastroenterology: Involves treatment of diseases related to liver, pancreas, stomach, intestine, bowels and gall bladder.

Ophthalmology: specializes in the treatment of disease pertaining to the eye.
Qualification: MBBS+MD/MS in Ophthalmology

ENT/Ear Nose Throat Specialist: Treat disorders of the Ear, Nose and Throat.
Qualification: MBBS+MS in ENT surgery.

Psychiatry: This is a branch that specialises in the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders.
Qualification: MBBS+MD in Psychiatry

Pathology: This is the branch of medicine that investigates the causes of various diseases and the possibilities for their prevention.

Qualification: MBBS+MD in Pathology

Other specialisations available are Community Medicine, Physiology, Venereology, Communicable diseases, Anatomy, Plastic Surgery, Nephrology, Urology, Endocrinology, Haematology, etc.

Specialisation in various areas can be achieved by doing an MS or an MD (as indicated above) or by doing a post-graduate diploma in the relevant field.

Doctors with post graduation can venture further afield and do the PhD in any specialized area of medicine. Those who posses MD/MRCP/MS/FRCS can complete the Doctoral programme in 2 years. For those who have an M.Sc in Medicine, the PhD progromme takes 3 years.

List of National Level Medical Institutions

1) AIIMS, New Delhi

2) AFMC, Pune

3) Banaras Hindu University, Institute of Medical Sciences,Varanasi,UP.

4) CMC, Ludhiana

5) CMC, Vellore

6) JIPMER, Pondicherry

7) Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh,UP.

8) Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, Maharshtra

9) Medical College, Bhartiya Vidyapeeth (Deemed University) Dhankawi, Pune.

10) Raja Muthaiah Institute of Health Science, Annamalai University, TN.
11) KMC, Manipal.

12) St. Johns National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore.

All India Pre-Medical / Pre-Dental Entrance Examination

The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE),New Delhi conducts this exam for admission to 15% seats for medical / dental courses in all Medical / Dental Courses run by the union of India, State Govts, except Andhra Pradesh and J&K.

Pattern of AIPMT 2004

Preliminary Examination: The preliminary exam would consist of one paper containing 200 objective type questions, (4-Options with single answer type) from Physics, Chemistry and Biology.

The duration of the paper would be 3-hours.

Marking: 3:1

Final Examination (Only for those who qualify in the Preliminary Examination)

The final exam would consist of two papers each of 2hrs duration.Paper-1 would contain questions from Physics & Chemistry and Paper 2 would contain question from Biology (Botany & Zoology).

The final exam will be having conventional (Non-Objective) questions to be answered in the Test Booklet supplied.

Age: The student should complete 17 years at the time of admission or will complete the age on or before 31st December of the year of admission.

Eligibility: The candidate must have passed the 10 + 2 course or equivalent examination with the subjects Physics, Chemistry, Biology and English individually and should have obtained a minimum of 50% marks taken together in Physics, Chemistry and Biology at the qualifying examination. For SC / ST students, this percentage is 40, instead of 50.

After declaration of results the first round of allotment is up to rank 2000 (for General). In case the seats are exhausted before all the candidates called for personal appearance are covered, the allotment will be stopped.

Declaration of Results:

The CBSE will prepare a list of successful candidates in order of merit based on the score obtained in the final examination. The merit list will be equal to the number of seats available for allotment in MBBS/BDS courses under 15% all India quota. There shall also be a waiting list - equal to the 70% of the merit list.

In case two or more candidates obtain equal marks in the final exam, the inter se merit of such candidates shall be determined in order of preference as follows.

a) Candidates obtaining higher marks in Biology (Botany & Zoology) in the exam
b) Candidates obtaining higher marks in Chemistry in the entrance exam.
c) Candidates older in age to be preferred.

All India Institute of Medical Sciences(AIIMS)

Eligibility : Class 12th pass under 10+2 system or an equivalent examination with Physics, Chemistry, Biology and English with 60% (for SC/ST-50%) aggregate in these subjects.

Age : Minimum of 17 years as on 31st December of the year of admission.

Seats : 50 (7 SC, 4 ST and 5 Seats for candidates nominated by Govt.of India).

Exam Pattern:

The examination consists of 200 multiple choice questions with 4-options distributed among Physics, Chemistry, Biology and General Knowledge. These questions include assertion - reason type (40 questions).The distribution of 200 questions is usually 60-Physics, 60-Chemistry, 60-Biology and 20 GK. But this can change from year to year. The duration of the test is 3.5 hours and the marking is 3:1.

Armed Forces Medical College, Pune (AFMC)

The AFMC, Pune was established in 1948 for post graduate courses. A graduate wing for MBBS course was started in AFMC on 4 Aug1962 with the aim of inducting medical graduates to the Armed Forces Medical Services

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The AFMC is affiliated to Maharashtra University of Health Sciences, Nasik and is recognized by the Medical Council of India.

The students admitted to AFMC for MBBS course have compulsory liability to serve as commissioned officers in the Armed Forces Medical Services. The liability of the SSC officers passing out of AFMC to serve the Armed Forces Medical Services would be seven years. The candidate and parents of the candidates are required to sign the bond agreement at the time of admission.

The applicant/student must

- be unmarried

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- be of age between 17 & 22

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- have passed the qualifying examination in the first attempt
- have aggregate percentage not less than 60% for Physics + Chemistry + Biology in the qualifying exam

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- have minimum of 50% in each of the above subjects individually
- have not less than English-not less than 50% in English

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Exam Pattern

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Part I - Biology - 50 Questions

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Part II - Chemistry - 50 Questions

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Part III - Physics - 50 Questions

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Part IV - GK, Intelligence, Logic & Reasoning-25 Questions

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English Language & Comprehension-25 Questions

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Duration : 2 hours

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Options : 4-Options

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Marking : 4:1

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Other Important Points:

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Rank list will be based on the test & interviews.

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Two merit lists - one for boys and one for girls will be separately

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Total number of Seats 130 (Boys-105, Girls-25)

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Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and

- Research,Pondicherry - (JIPMER)

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The institute is financed and administered by the Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, through the Directorate General of Health Services, New Delhi. The institute is affiliated to the Pondcherry University and provides instruction for the MBBS course.

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Number of Seats: 75

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a) Open General – 14

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b) Open scheduled caste – 8

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c) Open Scheduled Tribe – 4

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d) Pondicherry General – 15

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e) Pondicherry Scheduled Cast – 5

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f) Seats to be filled on the basis of AIPMT-11

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g) Govt. of India Nominations – 18

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Admission for the seats of (a) to (e) categories is by the entrance exam conducted by this institute.

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Age: Minimum of 17 years as on 31st Dec of the year of admission.

Eligibility: The candidate must have obtained not less than 50% marks in English and 50% in the subjects of Physics, Chemistry and Biology taken together. For SC/ST students, the required percentage is 40.

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Exam Pattern:

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The examination consists of 200 multiple choice questions - "one of best response" type - with four alternatives, distributed among English, Botany, Zoology, Physics and Chemistry.

The distribution of 200 questions is usually 60 Physics, 60 Chemistry, 60 Biology and 20 English. But this can change from year to year. The duration of test is 2 1/2 hours and there is no negative marking.

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Christian Medical College,Vellore (Tamil Nadu)

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Eligibility: Class 12th pass under the 10+2 system from Higher Secondary Board of Tamil Nadu or any other board recognized by the University of Chennai with English, Physics, Chemistry, Biology with 50% marks in each subjects and 50% aggregate along with English.

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Age: 17 years as on 31st Dec of the year of admission.

Seats: 60 out of which 15 are available for open merit.

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Test Pattern

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There will be many questions printed in the test booklet. The student will have approximately 30 seconds to answer each question. The test is of 5 options with no negative marking. But a credit of 0.5 marks will be given for questions not attempted. 1 mark will be given to the correct answer

Paper I

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Test 1 – Chemistry

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Test 2 – Biology

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Test 3 – Physics

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Paper II

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Test 1 - General Ability

Career in Engineering

Every industry will be related with engineering industry in one-way or the other. So basically it is the backbone of all industries. Engineering help translate the outcome of basic research into useable and commercially viable products.

The working environment for engineering graduates is really very vast, which includes design and development of machinery, production, testing, maintenance, Information Technology etc. Placement of engineers could be in laboratories, industrial plants, construction sites, educational firms, etc in both public and private sectors.

After engineering, students can branch out to different fields - some related to engineering and some not directly related. They can go for M.Tech, MBA, Civil Services, etc.

Specialisations:

1. Aeronautical/Aerospace Engineering: This branch specializes in the development of new technology for use in aviation, defence systems and space explorations. The development and research of commercial and military aircraft, missiles, space ships and related equipment are the field of work of an aeronautical engineer.

2. Agricultural Engineering: This involves design and production of agricultural machinery, planning, design and construction of farm buildings and associated equipment, irrigation, drainage, land resource planning and service engineering for farm machinery.

3. Automobile engineering: Automobile engineering deals with the design, development and maintenance of automobiles and related spare parts.

4. Biomedical Engineering: It is the application of engineering techniques to medicine and biology.

5. Ceramic Engineering: Ceramic engineering involves the production of ceramic products like glass, semi-conductors, engine parts, fibre-optic phone lines, tiles, electric power line insulators etc.

6. Chemical Engineering: Chemical engineering combines the knowledge of chemistry and engineering for the production of chemicals and related products. This, branch pertains to work in pharmaceutical, food, textile, plant, fertilizer, cosmetic, detergent and oil refineries.

7. Computer Science/Engineering: It involves the design and construction of computers, developing computer systems and software for different types of uses in a variety of settings.

8. Civil Engineering: Civil engineering involves various types of small and big construction activities including building roads, air ports, tunnels, bridges, water supply and sewage systems, etc.

9. Electrical and Electronics Engineering: It entails design, manufacture, installation and operation of electrical equipment, systems and machinery, telecommunication systems, radio, TVs and computers.

10. Industrial Engineering: Industrial engineering studies the production resources of an industry - i.e , people, materials, information, fuel, energy, etc. and ensures effective utilisation of these in the production process. The industrial engineer interferes between the management and operations sectors in order to ascertain the proper use of available industrial resources.

11. Instrumentation Engineering: It involves design, installation and maintenance of instrument systems.

12. Marine Engineering: It involves design and installation of ship machinery and propulsion systems.

13. Mechanical Engineering: It is concerned with the design, manufacture, operation and maintenance of machinery of all kinds.

14. Metallurgical Engineering: Metallurgical engineering is a field that explores the extraction and processing of metals and metal alloys.

15. Mining Engineering: Mining engineers find, extract and prepare metals and minerals for use by manufacturing industries. They design open-pit and underground mines, supervise the construction of mine shafts and tunnels in underground operations and devise methods for transporting minerals to processing plants.

16. Petroleum Engineering: Petroleum engineers explore for workable reservoirs containing oil or natural gas, the drilling for oil and work to achieve the maximum profitable recovery from the reservoir.

17. Textile Engineering: Textile engineering is involved in the design and development of systems to test and manufacture fibers and fiber products.

IITs and other related institutions:

1. Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi.

2. Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati.

3. Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh.

4. Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal.

5. Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai.

6. Indian Institute of Technology, Powai, Mumbai.

7. Indian Institute of Technology, Roorke.

8. Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi.

9. Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad

The 7 IITs are the most prestigious engineering educational institutions in India. They have been with the sole purpose of providing international standards of excellence in engineering education.

Admission to these institutions is based on the IIT-JEE.

Test Pattern of IIT-JEE

Questions at the IIT-JEE level will involve integration of concepts which students have learned through different chapters in the 11th and 12th Std. Here, it would be worthwhile to remember that the chapters as presented in your prescribed text books are presented so for ease of learning. For example, in Physics, the students start learning chapters with titles like Motion in One Dimension, Motion in Two Dimensions, Laws of Motion, Work Energy Power, Rotational Motion etc in that sequence in the 11th Std. State level entrance examinations will focus on quizzing students with question formats which will demand the skills like transforming the language of the problem into the language of problem-solving, identifying the appropriate equations and applying the given conditions to find out the required unknown variable. But IIT-JEE requires much deeper understanding of the subjects. Students should realise that the all the titles of the chapters mentioned earlier fall into one area of Physics called Mechanics. And Mechanics does not have chapters like detailed above. These areas have been dissected and presented with appropriate titles to enhance learning. The JEE will require the ability to seamlessly integrate the concepts from all these areas if the situation so demands.

The Selection Process

Till 2005, the IIT-JEE was conducted in two phases. This consisted of an objective Screening Test of three hours’ duration in Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics administered to all candidates who apply, followed by a Mains Examination of two hours’ duration each in the same subjects. Only those who qualified in the Screening Test were invited to appear for the Mains examination.

From 2006 onwards, the JEE is going to be a single-phase examination of objective questions only, which will test the aptitude, comprehension and analytical abilities of the student. The stress on the student will be reduced as there is only one type of examination. Also, this is on similar lines as other Engineering Entrance Examinations like the AIEEE and other State Level Engineering Entrance Exams.

Students with solid learning of basics will do well in the comprehension-based new pattern. A mechanical problem solving approach will not make the grade.

All India Engineering Entrance Exam (AIEEE)

1) Presently a number of tests are conducted by various states/ engineering colleges for entrance to various professional and technical programmes in the country. Multiplicity of such tests causes immense mental and financial burden on students and their parents without adding any value to the system. As per Guidelines for Deemed Universities, admissions to the identical courses are required to be made on an All-India basis through a common entrance test. In view of this, there have been attempts to hold an All India Engineering Entrance Examination for past some time. This finally fructified in the year 2002, when the first AIEEE was conducted.

2) With this, now there are three examinations for entrance to engineering programmes in the country.Viz.

a) Joint Entrance Examination (JEE) conducted by the IITs.

b) State Level Engineering Entrance Examination (SLEEE) conducted by the States for entrance to institutions falling within their states against seats reserved for students from within the States.

c) All India Engineering Entrance Examination (AIEEE).

3) The responsibility of conducting All India Engineering Entrance Examination (AIEEE) is assigned to Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE).

4) The Entrance Examination is designed in such a manner that the students coming from rural background are not put to any disadvantage. Syllabus for the test is based on common minimum syllabus drawn from different State Boards of School Education. Timing of the examination is such that the students can fully use their preparations for Class 12 Examination.

5) The Examination comprises multiple choice / objective type questions in Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics. An additional Aptitude Test is given to the candidates opting for B.Arch.Programme. For candidates seeking admission to Bachelor of Pharmacy programme, a test in Biology in addition to Physics, Chemistry will be there. Detailed scorecards with rank / Marks is issued to all candidates.

6) The Central Board of Secondary Education conducted 2nd All India Engineering Entrance Examination (AIEEE) on 11th May 2003 at 621 centres located in 97 cities all over the country.

Counselling

The Central Counseling Board constituted by the MHRD, Govt. of India conducted centralized counseling. Approximately 12000 seats in 109 Institutions, namely 14 National Institutions of Technology, 2 Regional Engineering Colleges, 14 Deemed Universities and 79 other Technical Institutions were offered through these examinations. In the States of Haryana and Rajasthan 15% open seats in State level institutions and 100% seats in all State Level institutions in Himachal Pradesh, Uttranchal & U T of Chandigarh admitted their students through this examination.

Eligiblity Criteria

Eligibility criteria revised by AICTE for the AIEEE namely 10+2 or its equivalent examination with the following subject combination for qualifying examination (10+2) for the courses in B.E/B.Tech, B.Pharm, B.Arch/B.Planning was accepted by all participating institutions.

Course	Compulsory	Anyone of the Subjects (Optional Subjects)
B.E/B.Tech	Physics & Mathematics	Chemistry Bio-Technology Computer Science Biology
B.Pharm	Physics & Chemistry	Mathematics Bio-Technology Computer Science Biology
B.Arch/B.Planning	Physics & Mathematics	Chemistry Computer Science Biology Engineering Drawing

Test Pattern

Subject combination, number of questions total marks and duration of test in each paper was as under.

	Subjects	No. of Questions	Total Marks	Duration
Paper-I	Physics & Chemistry	150 objective type questions with equal weightage to Physics & Chemistry	600	2 Hours 30 Minutes
Paper-II	Mathematics	75 objective type questions	300	1- Hour 15 Minutes
Paper-III	Biology(Botany&Zoology)	75 objective type questions with equal weightage to Botany & Zoology	300	1 Hour 15 Minutes
Paper-IV	Aptitude Test-Part I Aptitude Test-Part II	50 objective type questions Two questions to test drawing aptitude.	200 100	1 Hour 30 Minutes

Requirement of Papers for different courses

The papers prescribed for different courses are:-

Course	Papers
B.E/B.TECH	Paper -1 And Paper - 2
B.PHARMA	Paper -1 And Paper -2 (Or Paper-3 In lieu of Paper 2)
B.ARCH/B.PLANNING	Paper -2 And Paper - 4

Career as Yoga instructor

Madonna swears by it and spends several hours a day on it. Gwyneth Paltrow and Meg Ryan are using it to stay fit. As stress levels increase, it's the obvious career of the future. Make yoga training a career option. "In fact, in the US the yoga instructor is the second most highly paid professional after the dentist." This is how the Mumbai-based Shiv Kumar Mishra, yoga trainer, therapist and founder of Shiv Holistic Yoga, (an association of 20 yoga teachers and experts which conducts yoga classes), describes the future of a professional involved in this ancient Indian science which has become sought after all over the world. Indeed a career as a yoga trainer/therapist is emerging as a new generation vocation where one can combine love for the subject with a means to support oneself.

What do you need to be a yoga trainer? "One should preferably be at least a graduate before equipping oneself to be a yoga trainer or therapist since this will give a better insight and appreciation of the subject," says Mishra. "However, after that, yoga is a field where you will be ever-learning, ever-growing through your life."

India has a number of excellent institutions, which impart courses in yoga education and a few of them are world renowned. Kaivalyadham at Lonavala, 90 kms from Mumbai is one of them. Its diploma in yoga education is recognised by the National Council for Teachers Education. The GS College of Yoga (a constituent of Kaivalyadham) also offers numerous training courses, among them is a certificate course in yogic culture of six weeks' duration, starting in the first week of May every year and a diploma course in yoga education, which starts from August 16 every year and lasts for nine months. Among other widely respected institutes where one can train as a yoga instructor or therapist are the Bihar School of Yoga, Munger which has branches across the country and the Iyengar Institute Pune, which is particularly well-known in the US.

Yoga and yoga education are fast gaining in popularity. University Grants Commission has announced a Rs 20 lakh endowment to any university which establishes yoga faculty.

How much can you make as a Yoga instructor? "Once you have qualified yourself, the potential to make not just a living but a life out of yoga is rich," says Mishra who closed his law practice in 1994 to immerse himself in the field. "You can take up a job in a yoga institute or become a private instructor who gives lessons to individuals at home. You can also look at starting your own business. The earning potential will vary from city to city but with proper training and with experience you can be earning Rs. 20,000-Rs. 30,000 amount with lots of time to spare. Of course, if you can establish yourself in the US or Europe, the earning potential would be endless." Clearly a career to bring you peace of mind in more ways than one.

CAREER IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Hardware and Software sectors of the IT industry offer technical work options which require a science background and good mathematical skills. Programmers require analytical acumen and above average mental ability. IT enabled industries require professionals with range of skills-creative, problem solving, technical, organizing, communicating and programming.

Introduction

The ministry of information Technology responding to growth to the IT sector has planned adequate growth of the educational facilities. By 2008 there are going to be 2.63 lakh postgraduates including MCA's, 7.85 lakh graduates, 7.42 lakh diploma holders, 10.5 lakh in hardware and 7.5 in IT enabled services. At the higher end we produce only 25 PhDs and 300 M. Tecs as compared to 800 PhDs and 10000 postgraduates in the US. Quality institutions will be doubled by next academic year and tripled by 2005-06. Another 205 government aided institutions will be added to the list. There will be a cluster of 65 institutions, the IITs, IIITs, IIMs, IISc included to share instructional material, coursework, faculty for an integrated approach to IT education.

Nature work

Computer Scientists - People who work on the elements of the chip design, mathematical modeling reliability aspects of chip design are the scientists. How a computer is required to respond is what the scientists conceive. The study route is BSc in computers, MSc in computers and a Ph.D in the subject. Those who opt for studying abroad do a BS in Computer Science. MS in Computer Science and a doctoral programme . IIT offers a 5 years a programme in computer science and Mathematics. This course covers scientific aspects required for chip design.